Review of Russell Bakers Growing Up Essay - 1039 Words

Review of Russell Bakers Growing Up Works Cited Missing Autobiographical works tell a story of their authors by compiling antic dotes and accolades. Most autobiographies are that of famous authors or other celebrities and provide a synopsis of life according to them. Russell Bakers autobiography, Growing Up, achieves all these things as well, but, it does more than just tell of his life. As American citizens, history is a big part of our identity not only as Americans, but as individuals. Russell Baker lived through a depression, a world war, Utopia, a sexual revolution, and a lost cause conflict, among other things. If one were to study either the Great Depression or the Second World War,†¦show more content†¦He tells of a time when his stern and proud mother gave in to relief. This was what the program of government hand outs of food was known as. Relief was seen as a shameful thing to rely on and tells of this relief candidly as well as matter-of-factly, Pulling the wagon back toward Lombard Street, with Doris following behind to keep the edible proof of our disgrace from falling off, I knew my mother was far worse of than Id suspected. Shed never accept such shame otherwise. I studied her as she walked along beside me, head high as always, not a bit bowed in disgrace, moving at her usual quick, hurry-up pace. If shed given up on life, she didnt show it, but on the other hand she was unhappy about something. I dared to mention the dreaded words only once on that trip home. (Baker, 1982, 158). Later in the same chapter, Baker discusses the suit that was financed for his entrance into manhood due to the miniscule budget his family existed under, as well as a bike that was bought for him that Christmas and what a sacrifice it was for his mother to afford it. Describing his familys trials during this time serves as a microcosm to most families in that time frame. Bakers newspaper delivery/sales job served as an excellent example of what a war-time economy did to our nation. Deliberate or not, thisShow MoreRelated2 a Study on the Impact of Servicescape on Consumer Behaviour in the Hotel Industry. a Case Study of Upscale Restaurants/Hotels in London, Uk11980 Words   |  48 Pages3 Research Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.4 Research Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.5 Limitations of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.6 Research Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter 2 – Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 2.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.2 Servicescape†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.3 Significance of Servicescape in Upscale Restaurants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.4 Servicescape in Diverse Service Settings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pageselimination of levels were offered promotions, transfers to other jobs in GE Fanuc, or early retirement buyouts. Additionally, employees were promised profit sharing, which has resulted in up to three weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years. The test of the change is in the results. GE Fanuc’s revenue is up women employees, who composed about three-fourths of the bank’s workers. As a result, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention

Dreams And Its Effects On Our Lives - 984 Words

Dreams are one hell of a thing, while we rest our brains are all over the place with thoughts and ideas that we would never dare express with anyone. Everything we think about could be recycled into our dreams. Dreams in a way are rather magical; it is everything we want played in a short film for our entertainment while our body recovers from the day. The brain can be funny sometimes and pull pranks on you with nightmares to keep you on your toes. Dreams sometimes make us dwell on things that happened throughout the day. People claim that you can control your dreams by doing a variety of little things before you fall asleep what people are trying to achieve is called lucid dreaming. People believe that dreams are foreshadowing an event that will occur in the near future this is referred commonly to Dà ©jà   vu. Do not worry we will go over everything much more extensively. I will cover the pros and cons of each topic. You are walking through the safari jungle and out of nowhere an alien that goes by Ronaldo lands in front of you and is telling you to hop into his intergalactic spaceship and flight co-pilot with your math teacher from 3rd grade, so you obviously hop in and fly off into the distant sky†¦ Just before things are about to get interesting, your alarm/parents will like always ruin it and wakes you up. At this point, you are too upset that you have to go to school that the memory of that kick ass dream was just whisked away and to never be fully remembered despite yourShow MoreRelatedHow Dreams Affect Our Personalities1465 Words   |  6 PagesHow dreams affect our personalities Introduction to Psychology By: Spencer Young  Abstract What happens at night when we enter what is called rapid eye movement or rem is called dreaming. What happens when we dream our brain tries to deal with what we’ve done throughout the day. It does this in the form of a dream. What happens when we wake up out of the dream? Does it affect us during the day? Dreams have been found to shape us in ways that is almost unnoticeable to us.  How dreams mayRead MoreEffects on the American Dream, Both Positive and Negative Essay example1019 Words   |  5 PagesEffects on the American Dream, Both Positive and Negative The editors of Forbes called on these writers: James Q. Wilson, Katherine Newman, Robert Reich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, Natwar M. Gandhi, and Charles Derber. To answer this following question: If things are so good, why do we feel so bad? The American Dream has both positive and negative effects on the country, but in the end people will ultimately create their own fates. There are many positive effects that the American Dream has suchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Whats Up With The American Dream 994 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does the american dream mean to you? â€Å"The American dream, to me, means having the opportunity to achieve, because I don t think you should be guaranteed anything other than opportunity† (Leny Wilkens). The Article â€Å"Whats up with the American Dream† is all about how the American Dream is changing. It s transitioning from going to school, working hard, and advancing in your career to being handed a job through the connections you have. The thesis in this article is â€Å"We go to school, studyRead MoreTaking a Look at the Science of Dreams1411 Words   |  6 Pageshis own theories about dreams we have been looking for more definitive answers. He believed dreams were something of desire and un-fulfilment in our lives. As time passed, researchers have discovered new developments using brain imaging and observational data taken during sleep studies putting us closer to understanding the true meaning of why we dream. In the following I will discuss the topics of why we dream, how it affects us, and how we are learning to control our dreams. â€Å"Dreaming is a complexRead MoreThe American Dream: Its Not All About Money Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pageswe have our own ideas of what the American Dream consists of. To some it may be the realm of possibilities, while to others it may be fame and fortune. America is the only country in which the idea of a national dream has been continually upheld, and we have been a model for other nations to follow. Foreigners have come here to live the dream, and all the while Americans are still struggling to find it. As we continue to search high and low for how to find or how we can buy the dream and makeRead More The American Dream: Life, Liberty and Freedom Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe basic idea of the American Dream generally has stayed the same throughout time, although the majority of Americans seem to take the Dream for granted. The first settlers arrived to the New World in search of a treasure: life, liberty, and freedom. This treasure was and still is the American Dream. Now people from all over the world come to America in search of the same Dream; some even die trying. People were not as materialistic as people are now; they just wanted happiness. As time passed,Read MoreDreams Are A Good Thing1419 Words   |  6 PagesDreams Are a Good Thing As millennials we have been brought up with images all around us, images of models, fancy foods, paradise lifestyles. All of these serve the same purpose: they make us wish we lived lives like those depicted and want something more and different than we currently have. The images make us want something more than we currently have. These images are seen, by many, as dangerous for our society, particularly for those growing up and trying to find their place in the world.Read MoreAmerican Dream Is Not A Dream771 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican dream is not a dream What is your own version of the American Dream? Money? Living a big house or having a nice car? I believe these are values that most of people define to them what the American Dream is. The American Dream has alway been challenging to receive happiness; but as an Americans, we had worked our way from inequality to freedom. First, immigration as one biggest puzzle in the United States. America is also refer to a melting pot. Because many different ethnic groups andRead MoreHarlem: a Dream Deferred1043 Words   |  5 PagesHarlem: A Dream Deferred Langston Hughes Literally Analysis Dreams are aspirations that we hope to reach on our lifetime. They are the day that gives us the drive to live our lives and accomplish our goals. When reaching our goals, we will do anything to get to our destination. But what happens when your dreams deferred and put on hold due to unseen circumstances? Or what do you so when someone tells you that you can not so the things you want to so because of the pigmentation of your skinRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves, the world, and their relationships with others. Sigmund Freud’s ideals of psychoanalysis was translated to in a way where we are able to analyze media in all it’s shapes and forms. Psychoanalytic media analysis argues that literary texts, like dreams, express the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the characters within a movie, and the literary work is a manifestation of the Id, Super-Ego, and Ego. The text that I will analyze using the psyc hoanalytic media theory will be the film The

Integrating Innovation System and Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integrating Innovation System and Management. Answer: Introduction This report outlines on the Japan's bubble economy since 1960 in which Japanese multinational organizations have faced competitive challenges in developing the competitiveness. The economy of Japan is engaging in the international economy in different phases after Second World War. The Japanese multinationals learnt from overseas MNCs in trading, manufacturing and shipping through strategic coalitions and technological development. The report is also describing different proposed programs by Japanese government to boost its multinationals and implement the competitiveness in the global industry. The key factors underlying by the Japanese Multinationals are development of science, technology and innovation in the business activities, which have been remained incredible consistent in recent half-century. For this development the central government of the nation also supported to the companies with encouraging the diffusion and adoption of foreign technologies through stimulating demand, lowering private-sector risks and providing appropriate infrastructure. It is observed that during the postwar period a range of critical environment factors favored to Japanese multinationals. In this time period, other nations were seeking to build technological and industrial strengths by utilizing Japans approaches with the measure of success (Pohl and Yarime, 2012). Due these reasons the government and industries of Japan made adjustments with the aim of increasing national capabilities to establish new mechanism and fundamental innovations in the global market. In this concern, different technological initiatives and international science contributed to the competitiveness of Japanese Multinationals are discussed as below: Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP): This program was proposed in 1987 by the Prime Minister Nakasone in Venice in which Japan funded the lions share of major program of international collaboration in research of basic science. This program emphasized to support the intercontinental collaboration, younger research and interdisciplinary project across the globe (Horn et al., 2014). In this program, the multinationals are supported to expand their business activities globally. Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS): This program was revealed by the Japans Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) with $1 billion to standardize the knowledge about manufacturing, promote international cooperation and standardize future technical approaches (Mandal and Sarkar, 2012). Real World Computing Program (RWC): RWC program was launched in 1992 by government of Japan with amount of $500 million to expand the theories and related applications associated with flexible information processing. RWC program covers different research areas such as novel functions, theoretical foundations, massively parallel system, neural system and optical systems (Nawaz and Cavallaro, 2013). It is analyzed that these programs are emphasized by the Japans government to generate the competitiveness in the multinationals to develop the economy effectively. Competitiveness of Japanese Multinationals The reconstitution of an affective corporation has primary movement in Japan. From the era of 1950s to 1960s, it includes the expansion of the number of labor intensive manufacturing corporations, which advantage through the low wages. Though, it will be forecasted with the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, which tends to increasing tightened labor market in Japan with the mid-1960s. In the quick increase, during the earnings compromising is the competitiveness of this generally powerfully export- based corporation (Dunning, 2012). It also ignores the wage-inflationary consequences of labor storages. Japanese manufacturers dynamically have transferred the manufacture of consistent, labor-intensive goods, low-technology like toys, textile, sundries and simple electrical appliances. On the other hand, the bordering nations like South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong or other Asian economies, where labor had abundant during the Ozawa (1991a) conditions, which is elementary stage of offshore con struction. Japanese Manufacturing Corporation adopted on the basis of low-cost-labor strategy (Rugman, et al., 2012). In the corporate sector, Japan has developed all the corporate fields. In this concern, the Japanese manufacturing of the multinational corporation has started during the 1960s by the corporation of textile branching out in the Asian mainland. Advantage of Japanese Industry In 1970s and 1980s, the Japanese auto businesses have gained with significant performance in the global market. The US business has been more enjoyed during three different areas. In Japanese business, the first advantage of this corporation is management. There are the best management systems for all the industries. For example, the General Motors and Ford has better business environment in present time, which are biggest industrialized corporation in the whole world. During the post- World War 2 time, their competitive environment has been permitted them in order to focus on the profitable U.S. market as well as on other challengers. It guides towards complacency or increment of the business construction as well as the way of management, which had not well right in order to the competitive environment. It has been appeared during the US market or globally within the 1970s (Muramatsu and Akiyama, 2011). It has been associated among the labor and management, industry or government an d external and manufacturers suppliers that was on arms length or frequently adversarial. The second advantage of this corporation is benefited from the Japanese auto companies in cost formation. On the other hand, the information that the earnings raises wrapped after the efficiency, which expands provides a significant of Japanese auto organizations frame by the 1970s. In the economy of global, some opportune trends also has favorable in order to the Japanese auto business or hindered US manufacturers during the year of 1970s and 1980s. In 1970s the quick increase within the oil price which front to better demand for small cares into the market of US that Japanese organization had greater prepared in order to fill (Bahl, et al., 2012). Support is provided by the auto industry of Japan to both the industries who has arguments with industrial policy of Japan is considered as a solution to development of industries and with those who has argued with marginal impact. In context of relationships of auto industry of Japan with government, development of auto parts industry of Japan is deal in auto manufactures. Motor Vehicle Production 1977 1982 1987 1992 World total (millions of vehicles) 40.9 36.1 45.9 47.7 North America 14.7 (36%) 8.7 (24%) 12.9 (28%) 12.7 (27%) Europe 15.9 (34%) 14.8 (41%) 17.5 (38%) 17.5 (37%) Asia 8.8 (22%) 11.2 (31%) 14.0 (31%) 14.6 (31%) Japan 8.5 (21%) 10.7 (30%) 12.2 (27%) 12.5 (26%) Korea 0 0.2 1.0 1.7 Other Asia 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 Rest of the world 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.9 (Sources: Federal Communication Commission, 2017) Steps required for improving the capabilities of fundamental research Emphasis has been laid down on the importance of developing capability of developing original technology (Ikegami, et al., 2011). A new series of programs has been launched for conducting researches in new areas. Next Generation Basic Technology project has been launched for the purpose of establishing a funding pool for consortia of industry in 1981. Due to high budget and inefficiencies of companies, the project was taken back in the mid of 1980s. Apart from this, a project having budget of $450 million for advancing the computing research has been launched for the period of 10 years. Several concerns are raised by USA in concern of this project fearing that the Japan will come further than USA using the advance level of technology. But the efforts made by young researchers and other intangibles make the project complete and they succeeded in developing that technology which is very significant technology in terms of commerce. Another project that is investigated by Techno polis in volves infrastructure of manufacturing high technology and research and development in the targeted cities of Japan. Appearing results from this project again seems suspicious. In mid of 1980s, initiative including Centre of Key Technology, demonstrating projects for telecommunications running combined by MITI and Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications utilizing the proceedings from selling stock of Telephone and Telegram in the market. Overseeing the work is done by the research organization having funds of 70% from Key Technology Centre and rest of the funds is arranged by the companies participating in the project. Companies having similarity in their objectives and competitive goals collaborates various types of projects (Nakamura, 2011). Apart from MITI, in order to encourage programmes for higher level of fundamental research and collaboration between different sectors, several programmes are launched by various agencies. Although, having a lot of number of initiatives for encouraging more fundamental research, Japan still committing the programmes for raising funds for the purpose of conducting research in the field of science and engineering (Zhang, et al., 2011). Structural changes are also implemented in the universities of Japan using this method. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the Japanese Multinationals played an important role in developing the global economy. The Japanese Multinationals developed the business scenario through technological development and innovations since 1960s. Hence, it is analyzed that the Japanese Multinationals have good contribution in the development of global economy. References Bahl, P., Han, R.Y., Li, L.E. and Satyanarayanan, M. (2012) Advancing the state of mobile cloud computing. InProceedings of the third ACM workshop on Mobile cloud computing and services(pp. 21-28). ACM. Dunning, J. (2012) Multinationals, Technology and Competitiveness (RLE International Business) RLE International Business Volume 13 of Routledge Library Editions: International Business Series. UK: Routledge. Federal Communication Commission (2017) Reports Research. [Online]. Available at: https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research (Accessed: 31 September 2017). Horn, H., Schoof, E. M., Kim, J., Robin, X., Miller, M. L., Diella, F. and Linding, R. (2014) KinomeXplorer: an integrated platform for kinome biology studies.Nature methods,11(6), pp. 603-604. Ikegami, N., Yoo, B.K., Hashimoto, H., Matsumoto, M., Ogata, H., Babazono, A., Watanabe, R., Shibuya, K., Yang, B.M., Reich, M.R. and Kobayashi, Y. (2011) Japanese universal health coverage: evolution, achievements, and challenges.The Lancet,378(9796), pp.1106-1115. Mandal, U. K., and Sarkar, B. (2012) Selection of best intelligent manufacturing system (ims) under fuzzy moora conflicting mcdm environment.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,2(9), pp. 301-310. Muramatsu, N., and Akiyama, H. (2011) Japan: super-aging society preparing for the future.The Gerontologist,51(4), pp. 425-432. Nakamura, A. (2011) MITI and the Japanese Miracle Revisited: Reevaluation of the Administrative?Centered Government.Public Administration Review,71(6), pp. 931-933. Nawaz, T., and Cavallaro, A. (2013) A protocol for evaluating video trackers under real-world conditions.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,22(4), pp. 1354-1361. Pohl, H., and Yarime, M. (2012) Integrating innovation system and management concepts: The development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles in Japan.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,79(8), pp. 1431-1446. Rugman, A.M., Oh, C.H. and Lim, D.S., (2012) The regional and global competitiveness of multinational firms.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.218-235. Zhang, Y., Yu, R., Xie, S., Yao, W., Xiao, Y. and Guizani, M. (2011) Home M2M networks: architectures, standards, and QoS improvement.IEEE Communications Magazine,49(4). Bottom of FormBottom of Form

Crime Detection Essay Example For Students

Crime Detection Essay In recent times, science has provided substantial aid to crime detection. Because anything in the physical universe has the potential of becoming an itemof evidence in an investigation, a wide variety of procedures may be used inanalyzing and interpreting evidence in a criminal case. These procedures includehandwriting analysis, forensic photography, crime scene documentation,metallurgical investigations, chain of custody, entomology, and blood spatters. The first thing you do after securing a crime scene is document it. Always takepictures. They are the best records available. They show the crime scene as itwas found; where objects are in relation to other objects, victims, rooms, etc. Take notes. Describe the scene, its over all conditions. Describe rooms,lights, shades, locks, food; anything that can indicate a time frame, conditionof scene or that might have even the slightest evidentiary significance. Checkdates on mail and newspapers. Diagram the crime scene. Take measurements. Photosare good to show where an object is in relation to another object, butmeasurements tell exactly how far. True handwriting analysis involvespainstaking examination of the design, shape and structure of handwriting todetermine authorship of a given handwriting sample. The basic principleunderlying handwriting analysis is that no two people write the exact same thingthe exact same way. Every person develops unique peculiarities andcharacteristics in their handwriting. Handwriting analysis looks at letterformations, connecting strokes between the letters, upstrokes, retraces, downstrokes, spacing, baseline, curves, size, distortions, hesitations and a numberof other characteristics of handwriting. By examining these details andvariations in a questioned sample and comparing them to a sample of knownauthorship, a determination can be made as the whether or not the authorship isgenuine. Another is, Metallurgical Investigationsexaminations make it possibleto identify the source of an item?whether made of metal, plastic, ceramic, orother material?found at a crime scene, and further, to determine if twosimilar items were fractured from each other, the nature of the force causingthe fracture, the direction from which the force came, and the time when thefragments became separated. Such identification helps trace the evidence to itsowner. The metallurgist can also restore obliterated or altered numbers onobjects of any material. Mineralogical Investigations is the science ofmineralogy is also used in crime detection. The mineralogist studies soil,plaster, cement, brick, concrete, and glass for any evidence. Mineral analyseshave shown that differences may be detected in soil composition. Soil and dustfound on a suspects clothing and determined to be comparable to that at thecrime scene help to prove the persons presence in that locality. Toxicology maybe defined as the science of poisons special methods of analytical chemistryhave been developed for use in toxicological examinations. The specimensordinarily examined in cases of suspected poisoning are tissue samples fromvital organs, blood or urine, food, drink, and the suspected poison itself. Firearms are identified through microscopic imperfections that are producedinadvertently in gun barrels during manufacture. Subsequent use and wearcontribute further to a weapons individuality. Chain of Custody is of paramountimportance to any investigation. It is the unbroken sequence of events that iscaused by an item of evidence from the time it is found at the crime scene tothe time it appears in court. Every link in this chain is documented, fromdiscovery at the crime scene, through evidence gathering, storage, and labanalysis return to storage, and transfer to court. Every link is documented bydate, time, and handling individual, what was done with the evidence by thatindividual. If chain of custody is broken, if the evidence cannot be accountedin one step of its journey from crime scene to courtroom, it is renderedinadmissible; useless to the case. Blood spatters help a great deal inreconstructing a crime scene. They can be used to corroborate or disprove andalibi. They can be used to convict the guilty. There is much more to it thanlooking at a stain or spatter and saying, This is where the crime tookplace. The patterns of the spatters and the shapes of the individual blooddroplets themselves can tell how the crime was committed. Drops falling fromdifferent heights (i.e. at different speeds) will leave different lookingspatters. A drop falling from a low height of a few inches will leave a smallcohesive circle. At greater heights, the circle will be larger and may even havea crown effect. Hitting a surface at an angle does even more to disrupt ablood droplet. Perpendicular impact leaves a droplet fairly uniform, as shownbelow. A droplet hitting a surface at an angle will bulge out in one direction,indicating the direction of travel of the droplet. Cast off stains is a resultof blunt force trauma (beating with an object such as a hammer). Pulling backfrom a blow produces a blood spatter that indicates direction, by creating anarc of blood droplets. You c an determine the number of blows inflicted bycounting the arcs. You can also determine the orientation of the individualsinvolved the size of the object used and the right or left handedness of theassailant.